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If more research was done, specifically on the link between epilepsy and late stage pregnancy, more OB/GYNs could be educated on the need to induce earlier to prevent epilespy.

Benchmark 2 – Prevent epilepsy and its progression.

• Grand Challenge idea: "Biomarkers for Prevention before Seizure Onset" – Following the example of TSC and vigabatrin, a grand challenge may be to identify the range of other epilepsies that can be accurately identified before seizures emerge, and develop targeted programs to develop biomarkers and preventive treatments. Examples could include individuals with higher... more »

Most epilepsy-related Machine Learning (ML) tools tend to focus on seizure detection using readily available EEG "training" datasets. ML has potentially many other epilepsy-related use cases beyond seizure detection that are yet to be discovered, but the lack of "training" data is likely hindering its use. If tools could be developed to help identify and generate new "training" data from existing epilepsy datasets, ML... more »

As the current Covid-19 pandemic has made in person visits difficult or impossible, colleagues in academic and other settings have been managing neurology clinical research subjects and patients using telehealth platforms. Teleheath may have an important role in monitoring epilepsy clinical research subjects, and may be particularly helpful for following established research subjects/patients and may permit ongoing clinical... more »

One third of late-onset epilepsy have no known etiology. Cognitive symptoms are common with LOE and a third of these patients have mild cognitive impairment. Some patients with LOE have transient epileptic amnesia (TEA), while others develop neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies. Autoimmune causes have variable clinical presentations.

Incorporate findings from the NINDS workshop entitled, "Metabolism-based Therapies for Epilepsy" (Nov 9. 2020)

The current benchmarks never say the words "cure epilepsy". It is vaguely suggested by Area II, component E, but why be vague? We want to CURE EPILEPSY. Lets say that loud and clear, right?

Epilepsy is a disease of multi-layered networks including electrical networks that we record on surface and intracranial EEG down to synaptic networks; spatial networks seen with advanced imaging and the presence or absence of developmental or acquired lesions; and the underlying cellular, genetic, and metabolic network. I would argue a research priority to develop ways to understand these individual networks as well... more »

Incorporate ethics approaches and use human values to guide innovation in research and technology for drug resistant epilepsy (DRE).

Area IV:A In this section, there is no mention of treatment for mental health disorders. The language does indicate "understand and limit the impact of epilepsy" on mental health outcomes and then in D "identify causes and risks for epilepsy related mortality" due to mental health conditions. But, this does not appear to account for non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of mental health disorders. There is... more »

Few benchmarks will have large clinical impact if accomplished alone. Most benchmarks, specifically those relating to integrating large data sets and developing models, depend upon integrating knowledge gained from progress toward other benchmarks. In Area II, for example, benchmarks A, B, and C could be addressed separately, by a variety of innovative research approaches large and small. However, benchmark F needs input... more »

Metabolic and biochemical pathways are an understudied research area in the epilepsies. Biochemical pathways provide crucial links between gene expression (e.g. via epigenetic modification), energy metabolism (mitochondria, ATP), neuron-glia interactions, and finally neuronal excitability. Derailment of metabolic functions can affect a complex system such as the brain on multiple different levels and metabolism or biochemistry... more »

For many genetic epilepsies the pathomechanisms are not known making rapid identification of novel drug targets challenging. Identifying genetic modifiers of high-risk epilepsy alleles using a variety of approaches (CRISPR screens, leveraging natural genetic diversity in model organisms, human modifier studies using large patient repositories) may inform key genes involved in disease mechanisms and could illuminate drug... more »

More substantive research priorities, however well framed and targeted, can not alone overcome the inefficiencies and silo-ed structure for clinical care and research in the epilepsies.

By integrating clinical care and research—the standard for decades in pediatric oncology—we will get on a path where we will start seeing improvements in the quality of life for all those living with and too often dying from epilepsy.... more »

This priority will transform epilepsy research by integrating modern science into modern care for patients with epilepsy.

For example, a patient with as yet unexplained non-acquired epilepsy should be considered to have genetic epilepsy until proven otherwise and appropriately evaluated. If the first line of evaluation is unrevealing he or she should have an iterative re-analysis of cause in tandem with empiric therapy.... more »